Monday, July 06, 2009

Anugerah Keamanan Nobel


Anugerah keamanan Nobel merupakan sebuah anugerah yang diberikan kepada seseorang atau sesebuah organisasi yang telah memberi sumbangan yang cukup besar dalam menjaga kelangsungan nikmat keamanan didunia. Anugerah ini pertama kalinya diwujudkan pada 1901 dan orang pertama yang menerima anugerah ini adalah Henri Dunant dan Frédéric Passy.
ia diasaskan oleh Alfred Nobel pada tahun 1901.Pada 27 November 1895,beliau telah menandatangani wasiat terakhirnya di Paris. Apabila wasiat itu dibuka dan dibaca selepas daripada kematiannya,wasiat itu menyebabkan timbulnya banyak kontroversi sama ada di Sweden dan di peringkat internasional,kerana Nobel telah meninggalkan sejumlah besar kekayaannya untuk penubuhan sebuah anugerah hadiah Nobel.Keluarganya menentang pengadaan Hadiah Nobel tersebut,dan penganugerah hadiah yang telah dia namakan enggan untuk membuat apa yang telah diminta olehnya dalam wasiat tersebut.Pada mulanya,anugerah hadiah nobel ini berlaku dalam tempoh 5 tahun sebelum Hadiah Nobel yang pertama dianugerahkan pada tahun 1901.Berdasarkan kepada sejarahnya,ada dua orang saintis yang beragama Islam telah mendapat hadiah nobel tersebut antaranya ialah Prof Abdus Salam yang berasal dari Pakistan dan Ahmed H. Zewail yang berasal dari Mesir tetapi telah bermaustatin di Amerika.Abdus Salam mendapat hadiah nobel dalam bidang fizik manakala Ahmed Zewail dalam bidang kimia.

Senarai Penerima Anugerah Nobel.

2008Martti Ahtisaari
2007Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr.
2006Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank
2005International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Mohamed ElBaradei
2004Wangari Maathai
2003Shirin Ebadi
2002Jimmy Carter
2001The United Nations ( U.N.) and Kofi Annan
2000Kim Dae Jung
1999Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières)
1998John Hume and David Trimble
1997International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and Jody Williams
1996Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo and José Ramos-Horta
1995Joseph Rotblat and Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
1994Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin
1993Nelson Mandela and Frederik Willem de Klerk
1992Rigoberta Menchú Tum
1991Aung San Suu Kyi
1990Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
1989The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso
1988The United Nations Peace-keeping Forces
1987Oscar Arias Sánchez
1986Elie Wiesel
1985International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
1984Desmond Mpilo Tutu
1983Lech Walesa
1982Alva Myrdal and Alfonso García Robles
1981Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
1980Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
1979Mother Teresa
1978Mohammad Anwar Al-Sadat and Menachem Begin
1977Amnesty International
1976Betty Williams and Mairead Corrigan
1975Andrei Sakharov
1974Seán MacBride and Eisaku Sato
1973Henry A. Kissinger and Le Duc Tho
1972The prize money for 1972 was transferred to the Main Fund.
1971Willy Brandt
1970Norman Ernest Borlaug
1969The International Labour Organization (ILO)
1968René Cassin
1967One-third of the prize money was transferred to the Main Fund, and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund
1966One-third of the prize money was transferred to the Main Fund, and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund
1965United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
1964Martin Luther King Jr.
1963The International Committee of the Red Cross and The League of Red Cross Societies
1962Linus Carl Pauling
1961Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld
1960Albert John Lutuli
1959Philip John Noel-Baker
1958Georges Pire
1957Lester Bowles Pearson
1956One-third of the prize money was transferred to the Main Fund, and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund
1955One-third of the prize money was transferred to the Main Fund, and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund
1954The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
1953George Catlett Marshall
1952Albert Schweitzer
1951Léon Jouhaux
1950Ralph Bunche
1949Baron John Boyd Orr of Brechin
1948One-third of the prize money was transferred to the Main Fund, and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund
1947The Friends Service Council and The American Friends Service Committee (the Quakers)
1946Emily Greene Balch and John Raleigh Mott
1945Cordel Hull
1944The International Committee of the Red Cross
1943One-third of the prize money was transferred to the Main Fund, and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund
1942One-third of the prize money was transferred to the Main Fund, and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund
1941One-third of the prize money was transferred to the Main Fund, and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund
1940One-third of the prize money was transferred to the Main Fund, and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund
1939One-third of the prize money was transferred to the Main Fund, and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund
1938The Nansen International Office for Refugees (Office international Nansen pour les réfugiés
1937Viscount (Lord Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne Cecil) Cecil of Chelwood
1936Carlos Saavedra Lamas
1935Carl von Ossietzky
1934Arthur Henderson
1933Sir (Ralph) Norman Angell (Lane)
1932The prize money was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.
1931Jane Addams and Nicholas Murray Butler
1930Lars Olof Jonathan (Nathan) Söderblom
1929Frank Billings Kellogg
1928The prize money was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.
1927Ferdinand Edouard Buisson and Ludwig Quidde
1926Aristide Briand and Gustav Stresemann
1925Sir (Joseph) Austen Chamberlain and Charles Gates Dawes
1924The prize money was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund
1923The prize money was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.
1922Fridtjof Nansen
1921Karl Hjalmar Branting and Christian Lous Lange
1920Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois
1919Thomas Woodrow Wilson
1918The prize money was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund
1917The International Committee of the Red Cross (Comité International de la Croix-Rouge)
1916The prize money was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund
1915The prize money was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund
1914The prize money was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund
1913Henri La Fontaine
1912Elihu Root
1911Tobias Michael Carel Asser and Alfred Hermann Fried
1910The Permanent International Peace Bureau (Bureau International Permanent de la Paix)
1909Auguste Marie François Beernaert and Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant
1908Klas Pontus Arnoldson and Fredrik Bajer
1907Ernesto Teodoro Moneta and Louis Renault
1906Theodore Roosevelt
1905Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von Suttner
1904Institut de Droit International (Institute of International Law)
1903Sir William Randal Cremer
1902Elie Ducommun and Charles Albert Gobat
1901Henri Dunant and Frédéric Passy



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